← Every company
Funds Holding Public Storage
Every registered fund lists what it holds each quarter. These are the ones reporting a position in Public Storage, ordered by how much of each fund the position represents rather than by its size.
Institutional holders of PSA →Funds holding
200
as of 2026-07-31
Reported value
$8.2B
summed across funds
Fund families
87
named trusts
Largest conviction
15.87%
2 above 5% of a fund
Largest share of a fund
A small position that is a large part of its fund says more than a large one that is a rounding error.
| Fund | Of the fund |
|---|---|
| Pacer Industrial Real Estate ETFPacer Funds Trust57.7K sh$18.7M | 15.87% |
| iShares Select U.S. REIT ETFiShares Trust339.4K sh$110M | 5.23% |
| Janus Henderson U.S. Real Estate ETFJanus Detroit Street Trust614 sh$199K | 4.73% |
| abrdn Real Estate Fundabrdn Funds5.9K sh$1.9M | 4.73% |
| BlackRock Real Estate Securities FundBlackRock Funds61.8K sh$20M | 4.52% |
| iShares Core U.S. REIT ETFiShares Trust605.6K sh$196.3M | 4.21% |
| abrdn Global Premier Properties Fundabrdn Global Premier Properties Fund47.6K sh$15.4M | 4.12% |
| Dimensional US Real Estate ETFDimensional ETF Trust222.3K sh$72.1M | 4.05% |
| Knights of Columbus Real Estate FundADVISORS' INNER CIRCLE III21.2K sh$6.9M | 3.99% |
| DFA REAL ESTATE SECURITIES PORTFOLIODFA INVESTMENT DIMENSIONS GROUP INC874.9K sh$283.6M | 3.99% |
| YieldMax(R) Target 12(TM) Real Estate Option Income ETFTidal Trust II1.1K sh$347.2K | 3.97% |
| Invesco Active U.S. Real Estate ETFInvesco Actively Managed Exchange-Traded Fund Trust6.7K sh$2.2M | 3.61% |
| Real Estate FundAmerican Century Capital Portfolios, Inc.57.4K sh$18.6M | 3.52% |
| WESTWOOD REAL ESTATE INCOME FUNDUltimus Managers Trust25K sh$8.1M | 3.51% |
| iShares FTSE NAREIT All Equity REIT Index FundBlackRock Funds212.9K sh$69M | 3.48% |
| REAL ESTATE ULTRASECTOR PROFUNDProFunds361 sh$117K | 3.48% |
| Fidelity SAI Real Estate Index FundFidelity Salem Street Trust22.5K sh$7.3M | 3.44% |
| Fidelity MSCI Real Estate Index ETFFIDELITY COVINGTON TRUST157.9K sh$51.2M | 3.43% |
| Fidelity Real Estate Index FundFidelity Salem Street Trust343.1K sh$111.2M | 3.42% |
| Fidelity Real Estate Investment PortfolioFidelity Select Portfolios356.7K sh$115.6M | 3.39% |
| Fidelity SAI Real Estate FundFidelity Summer Street Trust334K sh$108.3M | 3.39% |
| Direxion Daily Real Estate Bull 3X SharesDirexion Shares ETF Trust4.6K sh$1.5M | 3.33% |
| Global Real Estate FundAmerican Century Capital Portfolios, Inc.83.7K sh$27.1M | 3.33% |
| Invesco S&P 500 Equal Weight Real Estate ETFInvesco Exchange-Traded Fund Trust10K sh$3.3M | 3.24% |
| PACE Global Real Estate Securities InvestmentsPACE SELECT ADVISORS TRUST5.4K sh$1.7M | 3.12% |
| VANGUARD REAL ESTATE II INDEX FUNDVANGUARD FIXED INCOME SECURITIES FUNDS999.7K sh$324.1M | 2.95% |
| NEUBERGER REAL ESTATE SECURITIES INCOME FUND INCNEUBERGER REAL ESTATE SECURITIES INCOME FUND INC18.7K sh$6.1M | 2.91% |
| iShares Global REIT ETFiShares Trust460.3K sh$149.2M | 2.91% |
| Fidelity Real Estate Investment ETFFidelity Covington Trust1.5K sh$476.2K | 2.88% |
| iShares Environmentally Aware Real Estate ETFiShares Trust1.3K sh$406.2K | 2.86% |
| VANGUARD REAL ESTATE INDEX FUNDVANGUARD SPECIALIZED FUNDS6.4M sh$2.1B | 2.83% |
| Global Real Estate Securities FundRUSSELL INVESTMENT CO35.6K sh$11.5M | 2.76% |
| Dimensional Global Real Estate ETFDimensional ETF Trust316.5K sh$102.6M | 2.66% |
| DFA Global Real Estate Securities PortfolioDFA INVESTMENT DIMENSIONS GROUP INC630.2K sh$204.3M | 2.62% |
| iShares Developed Real Estate Index FundBlackRock Funds25.2K sh$8.2M | 2.60% |
| TCW Global Real Estate FundTCW FUNDS INC2.1K sh$688.2K | 2.18% |
| COMMONWEALTH REAL ESTATE SECURITIES FUNDCommonwealth International Series Trust1K sh$324.2K | 2.08% |
| BNY Mellon Developed Markets Real Estate Securities FundBNY Mellon Investment Funds V, Inc.20.3K sh$6.6M | 1.93% |
| NYLIM WMC Enduring Capital FundNYLIM FUNDS19.8K sh$6.4M | 1.88% |
| AEW Global Focused Real Estate FundNatixis Funds Trust IV1.8K sh$571.2K | 1.58% |
| HARTFORD SMALL CAP VALUE FUNDHARTFORD MUTUAL FUNDS, INC14K sh$4.5M | 1.48% |
| ClearBridge Tactical Dividend Income FundLegg Mason Partners Investment Trust14.7K sh$4.8M | 1.30% |
| Schwab Dividend Equity FundSCHWAB CAPITAL TRUST25K sh$8.1M | 1.22% |
| The Value FundCOMMERCE FUNDS8.4K sh$2.7M | 1.20% |
| Tax-Managed Real Assets FundRUSSELL INVESTMENT CO49.4K sh$16M | 1.11% |
| THE HARTFORD DIVIDEND AND GROWTH FUNDHARTFORD MUTUAL FUNDS, INC624.3K sh$202.4M | 1.08% |
| Virtus Real Asset Income ETFETFis Series Trust I616 sh$199.7K | 1.07% |
| Nomura Global Listed Real Assets FundDelaware Pooled Trust3.1K sh$1M | 1.01% |
| Wilmington Real Asset FundWilmington Funds14.3K sh$4.6M | 1.01% |
| Fidelity High Dividend ETFFidelity Covington Trust286.5K sh$92.9M | 0.91% |
| Pacer WealthShield ETFPacer Funds Trust670 sh$217.2K | 0.90% |
| Fidelity Mid Cap Value K6 FundFidelity Devonshire Trust6.5K sh$2.1M | 0.89% |
| Fidelity Mid Cap Value FundFidelity Devonshire Trust65K sh$21.1M | 0.88% |
| Dunham Large Cap Value FundDunham Funds6.2K sh$2M | 0.87% |
| Fidelity Blue Chip Value FundFidelity Securities Fund18.3K sh$5.9M | 0.83% |
| Washington Mutual Investors FundWashington Mutual Investors Fund5.2M sh$1.7B | 0.77% |
| Equity Income FundRUSSELL INVESTMENT CO3.6K sh$1.2M | 0.76% |
| Fidelity Founders FundFidelity Concord Street Trust4.4K sh$1.4M | 0.67% |
| PGIM Global Real Estate FundPrudential Investment Portfolios 1222.4K sh$7.3M | 0.65% |
| Fidelity Equity-Income FundFidelity Devonshire Trust227.9K sh$73.9M | 0.62% |
| Fidelity Equity-Income K6 FundFidelity Devonshire Trust9.6K sh$3.1M | 0.62% |
| FlexShares Quality Dividend Index FundFlexShares Trust41K sh$13.3M | 0.60% |
| FlexShares Quality Dividend Defensive Index FundFlexShares Trust9.6K sh$3.1M | 0.57% |
| Fidelity Women's Leadership FundFidelity Summer Street Trust3.2K sh$1M | 0.57% |
| Fidelity Fundamental Large Cap Value ETFFidelity Covington Trust261 sh$84.6K | 0.51% |
| American Beacon Large Cap Value FundAMERICAN BEACON FUNDS45.8K sh$14.8M | 0.50% |
| iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap Value ETFiShares Trust16.8K sh$5.5M | 0.48% |
| LargeCap Value Fund IIIPrincipal Funds, Inc32.7K sh$10.6M | 0.46% |
| American Beacon Balanced FundAMERICAN BEACON FUNDS1.5K sh$474.6K | 0.45% |
| Fidelity SAI Real Estate Income FundFidelity Securities Fund29.4K sh$9.5M | 0.44% |
| Fidelity Real Estate Income FundFidelity Securities Fund56.4K sh$18.3M | 0.42% |
| WESTWOOD MULTI-ASSET INCOME FUNDUltimus Managers Trust1.5K sh$475.9K | 0.41% |
| JPMorgan Diversified Return U.S. Equity ETFJ.P. Morgan Exchange-Traded Fund Trust5.4K sh$1.7M | 0.38% |
| iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap ETFiShares Trust19.3K sh$6.2M | 0.38% |
| Innovator Equity Managed Floor ETFInnovator ETFs Trust23.6K sh$7.6M | 0.36% |
| Capital Income BuilderCapital Income Builder1.4M sh$451.7M | 0.35% |
| American Mutual FundAmerican Mutual Fund1.3M sh$405.7M | 0.34% |
| iShares MSCI USA Quality Factor ETFiShares Trust463.1K sh$150.1M | 0.32% |
| FlexShares Global Quality Real Estate Index FundFlexShares Trust3.9K sh$1.3M | 0.30% |
| Multi-Strategy Income FundRUSSELL INVESTMENT CO2.6K sh$856.8K | 0.29% |
| iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap Growth ETFiShares Trust33.4K sh$10.8M | 0.28% |
| JPMorgan U.S. Quality Factor ETFJ.P. Morgan Exchange-Traded Fund Trust67.9K sh$22M | 0.27% |
| Aptus Collared Investment Opportunity ETFETF Series Solutions19K sh$6.1M | 0.26% |
| Aptus Drawdown Managed Equity ETFETF Series Solutions2.4K sh$762.8K | 0.26% |
| Fidelity Global Equity Income FundFidelity Investment Trust3.5K sh$1.1M | 0.24% |
| Victory Income Stock FundVictory Portfolios III20.4K sh$6.6M | 0.23% |
| iShares MSCI USA Value Factor ETFiShares Trust63.9K sh$20.7M | 0.23% |
| Capital Group U.S. Equity FundCapital Group U.S. Equity Fund2.9K sh$939.4K | 0.22% |
| Fidelity Dividend ETF for Rising RatesFidelity Covington Trust5K sh$1.6M | 0.22% |
| American Beacon Diversified FundAmerican Beacon Institutional Funds Trust4K sh$1.3M | 0.22% |
| iShares MSCI USA Size Factor ETFiShares Trust2.6K sh$845.8K | 0.20% |
| SA T. Rowe Price VCP Balanced PortfolioSUNAMERICA SERIES TRUST8K sh$2.6M | 0.19% |
| Invesco S&P 500 Equal Weight ETFInvesco Exchange-Traded Fund Trust575.4K sh$186.5M | 0.19% |
| LARGE-CAP VALUE PROFUNDProFunds30 sh$9.7K | 0.18% |
| SA Large Cap Value Index PortfolioSUNAMERICA SERIES TRUST4K sh$1.3M | 0.18% |
| Fidelity Quality Factor ETFFidelity Covington Trust7.8K sh$2.5M | 0.18% |
| T. Rowe Price Global Allocation FundT. ROWE PRICE GLOBAL ALLOCATION FUND, INC.4.6K sh$1.5M | 0.17% |
| SA T. Rowe Price Allocation Moderately Aggressive PortfolioSUNAMERICA SERIES TRUST4.3K sh$1.4M | 0.17% |
| Parametric Volatility Risk Premium - Defensive FundEaton Vance Mutual Funds Trust7.5K sh$2.4M | 0.17% |
| US Vegan Climate ETFETF Series Solutions932 sh$302.1K | 0.17% |
| Victory Value FundVictory Portfolios III7.8K sh$2.5M | 0.17% |
| Multi-Asset Strategy FundRUSSELL INVESTMENT CO3K sh$985.8K | 0.16% |
| NYLIM Candriam U.S. Large Cap Equity ETFNYLIM ETF Trust1.6K sh$526.8K | 0.16% |
| iShares Core Dividend ETFiShares Trust8K sh$2.6M | 0.15% |
| FlexShares STOXX US ESG Select Index FundFlexShares Trust600 sh$194.5K | 0.15% |
| Hartford Alpha Capture Value ETFHartford Funds Exchange-Traded Trust796 sh$258K | 0.14% |
| Domini Impact Equity FundDomini Investment Trust5.2K sh$1.7M | 0.14% |
| Invesco S&P 500 Equal Weight Income Advantage ETFInvesco Actively Managed Exchange-Traded Fund Trust4.5K sh$1.5M | 0.14% |
| Fidelity Series Large Cap Value Index FundFidelity Salem Street Trust50.7K sh$16.4M | 0.13% |
| Fidelity Large Cap Value Index FundFidelity Salem Street Trust59.3K sh$19.2M | 0.13% |
| Schwab U.S. Large-Cap Value Index FundSCHWAB CAPITAL TRUST4.6K sh$1.5M | 0.13% |
| Nuveen Large Cap Value Index FundTIAA-CREF Funds54.5K sh$17.7M | 0.13% |
| Innovator U.S. Small Cap Managed 10 Buffer ETFInnovator ETFs Trust40.3 sh$13.1K | 0.12% |
| American Conservative Values ETFETF Opportunities Trust567 sh$183.8K | 0.12% |
| Victory Growth & Income FundVictory Portfolios III8.5K sh$2.8M | 0.12% |
| Global X S&P 500 U.S. Revenue Leaders ETFGLOBAL X FUNDS8 sh$2.6K | 0.12% |
| Federated Hermes MDT Balanced FundFederated Hermes MDT Series1.2K sh$389K | 0.12% |
| Pacer MSCI World Industry Advantage ETFPacer Funds Trust4 sh$1.3K | 0.12% |
| JPMorgan Flexible Income ETFJ.P. Morgan Exchange-Traded Fund Trust166 sh$53.8K | 0.11% |
| Calamos Hedged Equity FundCALAMOS INVESTMENT TRUST/IL2.6K sh$840.6K | 0.10% |
| iShares Morningstar Value ETFiShares Trust3.9K sh$1.3M | 0.10% |
| Global Equity FundRUSSELL INVESTMENT CO11.5K sh$3.7M | 0.09% |
| Global X S&P 500 Tail Risk ETFGLOBAL X FUNDS13 sh$4.2K | 0.09% |
| Global X S&P 500 Catholic Values ETFGLOBAL X FUNDS3.5K sh$1.1M | 0.09% |
| Invesco S&P 500 BuyWrite ETFInvesco Exchange-Traded Fund Trust943 sh$305.7K | 0.09% |
| Global X S&P 500 Christian Values ETFGLOBAL X FUNDS21 sh$6.8K | 0.09% |
| Knights of Columbus U.S. ALL CAP INDEX FUNDADVISORS' INNER CIRCLE III955.3 sh$309.7K | 0.09% |
| Nuveen S&P 500 Index FundTIAA-CREF Funds35.7K sh$11.6M | 0.08% |
| JPMORGAN BETABUILDERS U.S. EQUITY ETFJ.P. Morgan Exchange-Traded Fund Trust23.2K sh$7.5M | 0.08% |
| U.S. LARGE COMPANY PORTFOLIODIMENSIONAL INVESTMENT GROUP INC37.3K sh$12.1M | 0.08% |
| Fidelity SAI U.S. Large Cap Index FundFidelity Salem Street Trust49K sh$15.9M | 0.08% |
| Schwab S&P 500 Index FundSCHWAB CAPITAL TRUST374.6K sh$121.4M | 0.08% |
| Vox Populi ETFAdvisors Series Trust15 sh$4.9K | 0.08% |
| LargeCap S&P 500 Index FundPrincipal Funds, Inc34.6K sh$11.2M | 0.08% |
| NYLIM S&P 500 Index FundNYLIM FUNDS TRUST5.5K sh$1.8M | 0.08% |
| Global X S&P 500 Covered Call ETFGLOBAL X FUNDS8.2K sh$2.7M | 0.08% |
| Catholic Responsible Investments Equity Index FundCatholic Responsible Investments Funds11.5K sh$3.7M | 0.08% |
| Global X S&P 500 Collar 95-110 ETFGLOBAL X FUNDS9 sh$2.9K | 0.08% |
| Global X S&P 500 Covered Call & Growth ETFGLOBAL X FUNDS159 sh$51.5K | 0.08% |
| SA Large Cap Index PortfolioSUNAMERICA SERIES TRUST8.1K sh$2.6M | 0.08% |
| Wilmington Large-Cap Strategy FundWilmington Funds1.5K sh$491.1K | 0.08% |
| Pacer Trendpilot US Large Cap ETFPacer Funds Trust8K sh$2.6M | 0.08% |
| E*TRADE No Fee Large Cap Index FundE Trade Trust326 sh$105.7K | 0.08% |
| BNY Mellon US Large Cap Core Equity ETFBNY Mellon ETF Trust13.3K sh$4.3M | 0.08% |
| BNY Mellon Institutional S&P 500 Stock Index FundBNY Mellon Investment Funds IV, Inc.3.3K sh$1.1M | 0.08% |
| E*TRADE No Fee Total Market Index FundE Trade Trust267 sh$86.6K | 0.08% |
| BNY Mellon S&P 500 Index FundBNY MELLON INDEX FUNDS, INC.6.5K sh$2.1M | 0.08% |
| iShares Morningstar U.S. Equity ETFiShares Trust3.1K sh$997.1K | 0.08% |
| Fidelity ZERO Large Cap Index FundFidelity Concord Street Trust45.1K sh$14.6M | 0.08% |
| Victory 500 Index FundVictory Portfolios III36.9K sh$12M | 0.08% |
| Schwab 1000 Index FundSCHWAB INVESTMENTS53.4K sh$17.3M | 0.08% |
| Wilmington Global Alpha Equities FundWilmington Funds580 sh$188K | 0.08% |
| Pacer Metaurus US Large Cap Dividend Multiplier 400 ETFPacer Funds Trust4K sh$1.3M | 0.08% |
| Global X S&P 500 Risk Managed Income ETFGLOBAL X FUNDS118 sh$38.3K | 0.08% |
| Federated Hermes Max-Cap Index FundFederated Hermes Index Trust660 sh$214K | 0.08% |
| iShares Total U.S. Stock Market Index FundBlackRock Funds11K sh$3.6M | 0.07% |
| Nuveen Equity Index FundTIAA-CREF Funds139K sh$45.1M | 0.07% |
| Schwab Total Stock Market Index FundSCHWAB CAPITAL TRUST101.2K sh$32.8M | 0.07% |
| Innovator U.S. Small Cap Managed Floor ETFInnovator ETFs Trust209.8 sh$68K | 0.07% |
| iShares Dow Jones U.S. ETFiShares Trust6.7K sh$2.2M | 0.07% |
| Direxion Daily S&P 500 Bull 2X SharesDirexion Shares ETF Trust596 sh$193.2K | 0.07% |
| Fidelity ZERO Total Market Index FundFidelity Concord Street Trust86.1K sh$27.9M | 0.07% |
| JLens 500 Jewish Advocacy U.S. ETFEA Series Trust602 sh$195.2K | 0.07% |
| iShares Low Carbon Optimized MSCI ACWI ETFiShares Trust2.4K sh$776.7K | 0.07% |
| Invesco S&P 500 Downside Hedged ETFInvesco Actively Managed Exchange-Traded Fund Trust132 sh$42.8K | 0.07% |
| iShares MSCI Kokusai ETFiShares Trust495 sh$160.5K | 0.06% |
| SA JPMorgan Diversified Balanced PortfolioSUNAMERICA SERIES TRUST833 sh$270K | 0.06% |
| Direxion HCM Tactical Enhanced US ETFDirexion Shares ETF Trust1.1K sh$355K | 0.06% |
| AMT Diversified Equity FundADVISER MANAGED TRUST766.9 sh$248.6K | 0.06% |
| FlexShares Morningstar US Market Factor Tilt Index FundFlexShares Trust4.2K sh$1.4M | 0.06% |
| iShares Morningstar Growth ETFiShares Trust5.9K sh$1.9M | 0.06% |
| ULTRABULL PROFUNDProFunds341 sh$110.5K | 0.06% |
| BNY Mellon US Large Cap Equity Growth ETFBNY Mellon ETF Trust22 sh$7.1K | 0.06% |
| Direxion Daily S&P 500 Bull 3X SharesDirexion Shares ETF Trust12.3K sh$4M | 0.06% |
| JPMorgan Income Builder FundJPMorgan Trust I15.7K sh$5.1M | 0.06% |
| Calamos Market Neutral Income FundCALAMOS INVESTMENT TRUST/IL31.4K sh$10.2M | 0.06% |
| Schwab Fundamental U.S. Large Company Index FundSCHWAB CAPITAL TRUST22.2K sh$7.2M | 0.05% |
| iShares MSCI ACWI ETFiShares Trust53.4K sh$17.3M | 0.05% |
| Invesco RAFI US 1000 ETFInvesco Exchange-Traded Fund Trust16.1K sh$5.2M | 0.05% |
| Tax-Managed U.S. Large Cap FundRUSSELL INVESTMENT CO20.4K sh$6.6M | 0.05% |
| Column Mid Cap FundTrust for Professional Managers1.9K sh$569.2K | 0.05% |
| U.S. Strategic Equity FundRUSSELL INVESTMENT CO4.5K sh$1.5M | 0.05% |
| VANGUARD TOTAL WORLD STOCK INDEX FUNDVANGUARD INTERNATIONAL EQUITY INDEX FUNDS142.6K sh$46.2M | 0.05% |
| BlackRock Dynamic High Income PortfolioBlackRock Funds II2.3K sh$755.3K | 0.05% |
| BULL PROFUNDProFunds75 sh$24.3K | 0.05% |
| BlackRock Multi-Asset Income PortfolioBlackRock Funds II14.6K sh$4.7M | 0.05% |
| Morningstar U.S. Equity FundMorningstar Funds Trust2.4K sh$787.7K | 0.04% |
| Innovator Equity Premium Income - Daily PutWrite ETFInnovator ETFs Trust21 sh$6.8K | 0.04% |
| Hartford Schroders Diversified Opportunities FundHARTFORD MUTUAL FUNDS II, INC192 sh$62.2K | 0.04% |
| Multifactor U.S. Equity FundRUSSELL INVESTMENT CO321 sh$104.1K | 0.04% |
| PineBridge Dynamic Asset Allocation FundADVISORS' INNER CIRCLE III115 sh$37.3K | 0.03% |
| Morningstar Alternatives FundMorningstar Funds Trust230 sh$74.6K | 0.03% |
| Strategic Allocation: Aggressive FundAmerican Century Strategic Asset Allocations Inc589 sh$190.9K | 0.03% |
| Hartford Multifactor US Equity ETFLattice Strategies Trust525 sh$170.2K | 0.02% |
| Hartford Real Asset FundHARTFORD MUTUAL FUNDS, INC50 sh$16.2K | 0.02% |
| Strategic Allocation: Moderate FundAmerican Century Strategic Asset Allocations Inc493 sh$159.8K | 0.02% |
| Catholic Responsible Investments Multi-Style US Equity FundCatholic Responsible Investments Funds415 sh$134.5K | 0.02% |
| Fidelity Large Cap Growth Index FundFidelity Salem Street Trust23.6K sh$7.7M | 0.02% |
| Schwab U.S. Large-Cap Growth Index FundSCHWAB CAPITAL TRUST2.6K sh$853.2K | 0.02% |
| Fidelity Series Large Cap Growth Index FundFidelity Salem Street Trust1.4K sh$459K | 0.02% |
Source: quarterly NPORT-P filings, via EDGAR. Positions arrive by CUSIP; each one here has been confirmed against OpenFIGI rather than matched by name. NPORT covers mutual funds, ETFs and closed-end funds alike and does not distinguish them, and positions are as of quarter end — a fund may have sold out entirely since. The summed value counts each filing once, so two share classes of the same fund appear twice.
More on PSA
Company overviewEverything on PSA in one place, with the price.SEC filingsWhat PSA's 8-Ks say happened: results, departures, auditor changes.Insider tradingWhat PSA's own officers and directors buy and sell.Who owns itEvery manager reporting a position in PSA.Federal contractsWhat federal agencies pay PSA.Workplace safetyWhat OSHA found at PSA's sites.